BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY
Erik Erikson's theory of the stages of human development.
Developmental psychologist Erik H. Erikson ( 1902-1994) was best known for his theory on social development of human beings, and for coining the phrase identity crisis.
The theory describes eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future.
(Approx. ages) Stage & Psychosocial crisis
|
Significant relations
|
Psychosocial modalities
|
Psychosocial virtues
|
Maladaptations & malignancies
|
1(0-1)
Infant
Trust vs mistrust
|
Mother
|
to get,
to give in return |
hope,
faith |
sensory distortion
withdrawal |
2(2-3)
Toddler Autonomy vs shame and doubt |
Parents
| to hold on, to let go |
will,
determination |
impulsivity
compulsion |
3(3-6)
Preschooler
Initiative vs guilt
|
Family
|
to go after,
to play |
purpose,
courage |
ruthlessness
inhibition |
4(7-12)
School-age child
Industry vs inferiority
|
Neighborhood and school
|
to complete,
to make things together |
competence
|
narrow virtuosity
inertia |
5(12-18)
Adolescent
Ego-identity vs role-confusion
|
Peer groups, role models
|
to be oneself,
to share oneself |
fidelity, loyalty
|
fanaticism
repudiation |
6(20-45)
Young adult Intimacy vs isolation |
Partners, friends
|
to lose and find oneself in a
another |
love
|
promiscuity
exclusivity |
7(30-65)
Middle-aged adult Generativity vs self-absorption |
Household,
co-workers |
to make do,
to take care of |
care
|
overextension
rejectivity |
8(50+)
Old adult
Integrity vs despair
|
Mankind or "my kind"
|
to be,
through having been, to face not being |
wisdom
|
presumption
despair |
 |
| Erikson's Stages of Human Development as they are represented in Animated short Gender ID. |
The effect of social pressure and stereotypes about sex/gender is massive, as there is an urge to a certain direction based only on the sex we were born with. Gender capitalism is the recognition of society’s perception of gender. Rain Dove uses that perception in the most advantageous way. It does not mean that people cannot identify with their own gender, it just means they do not recognize the stereotypes society places on that gender. Overall, it means people must exceed the limits of social norms and become advocates for each other.
______________________
Alice Dreger works with people at the edge of anatomy, such as conjoined twins and intersexed people. In her observation, it's often a fuzzy line between male and female, among other anatomical distinctions. Which brings up a huge question: Why do we let our anatomy determine our fate?
